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Head First SQL
by Lynn Beighley
Copyright © 2007 O’Reilly Media, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Printing History:
August 2007: First Edition.
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Head First
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Head First SQL
, and related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc.
The O’Reilly logo is a registered trademark of O’Reilly Media, Inc. The
Head First
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Head First
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TTM
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ISBN-10: 0-596-52684-9
ISBN-13: 978-0-596-52684-9
[M]
table
of
contents
Table of Contents (Summary)
Intro
xxv
1
Data and Tables:
A place for everything
1
2
The SELECT Statement:
Gifted data retrieval
53
3
DELETE and UPDATE:
A change will do you good
119
4
Smart Table Design:
Why be normal?
159
5
ALTER:
Rewriting the past
197
6
Advanced SELECT:
Seeing your data with new eyes
235
7
Multi-table Database Design:
Outgrowing your table
281
8
Joins and Multi-table Operations:
Can’t we all just get along?
343
9
Subqueries:
Queries Within Queries
379
10
Outer Joins, Self Joins, and Unions:
New maneuvers
417
11
Constraints, Views, and Transactions:
Too many cooks spoil the database
455
12
Security:
Protecting your assets
493
Table of Contents (the real thing)
Intro
Your brain on SQL.
Here
you
are trying to
learn
something, while here
your
brain
is doing you a favor by making sure the learning doesn’t
stick
. Your
brain’s thinking, “Better leave room for more important things, like which wild
animals to avoid and whether naked snowboarding is a bad idea.” So how
do
you
trick your brain into thinking that your life depends on knowing SQL?
Who is this book for?
xxvi
We know what you’re thinking
xxvii
Metacognition
xxix
Bend your brain into submission
xxxi
Read me
xxxii
The technical review team
xxxiv
Acknowledgments
xxxv
ix
table
of
contents
data and tables
1
Don’t you just hate losing things
Whether it’s your car
keys, that 25% off coupon for Urban Outfitters, or your application’s
data, there’s nothing worse than not being able to
keep up with what
you need
... when you need it. And when it comes to your applications,
there’s no better place to store your important information than in a
table
. So turn the page, come on in, and take a walk through the world
of
relational databases
.
Defining your data
2
Look at your data in categories
7
What’s in a database?
8
Your database viewed through x-ray specs...
10
Databases contain connected data
12
Tables Up Close
13
Take command!
17
Setting the table: the CREATE TABLE statement
19
Creating a more complicated table
20
Look how easy it is to write SQL
21
Create the my_contacts table, finally
22
Your table is ready
23
Take a meeting with some data types
24
Your table, DESCribed
28
You can’t recreate an existing table or database!
30
Out with the old table, in with the new
32
To add data to your table, you’ll use the INSERT statement
34
Your database viewed
through x-ray specs...
Create the INSERT statement
37
Variations on an INSERT statement
41
Columns without values
42
Peek at your table with the SELECT statement
43
SQL Exposed: Confessions of a NULL
44
Controlling your inner NULL
45
NOT NULL appears in DESC
47
Fill in the blanks with DEFAULT
48
Your SQL Toolbox
50
x
A place for everything
table
of
contents
the SELECT statement
2
Gifted data retrieval
Is it really better to give than retrieve
When it comes to
databases, chances are you’ll need to
retrieve your data
as often than
you’ll need to insert it. That’s where this chapter comes in: you’ll meet the
powerful
SELECT
statement and learn how to
gain access to that important
information
you’ve been putting in your tables. You’ll even learn how to
use
WHERE
,
AND
, and
OR
to selectively get to your data and even avoid
displaying the data that you
don’t
need.
Date or no date?
54
A better SELECT
57
What the * is that?
58
How to query your data types
64
More punctuation problems
65
Unmatched single quotes
66
Single quotes are special characters
67
INSERT data with single quotes in it
68
SELECT specific columns to limit results
73
SELECT specific columns for faster results
73
Combining your queries
80
Finding numeric values
83
Smooth Comparison Operators
86
Finding numeric data with Comparison Operators
88
Text data roping with Comparison Operators
91
To be OR not to be
93
The difference between AND and OR
96
I’m a star!
Use IS NULL to find NULLs
99
Saving time with a single keyword: LIKE
101
The call of the Wild(card)
101
Selecting ranges using AND and comparison operators
105
Just BETWEEN us… there’s a better way
106
After the dates, you are either IN...
109
... or you are NOT IN
110
More NOT
111
Your SQL Toolbox
116
xi
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