[Robert-o-Ebewele] Polymer-Science-and-Technology(Book4You), Polimery, Polimery i hydrożele, pobierz pdf

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//-->POLYMER SCIENCEAND TECHNOLOGYRobert O. EbeweleDepartment of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BeninBenin City, NigeriaCRC PressBoca Raton New YorkCopyright 2000 by CRC Press LLCLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataEbewele, Robert Oboigbaotor.Polymer science and technology / Robert O. Ebewele.p. cm.Includes bibliographical references (p.-) and index.ISBN 0-8493-8939-9 (alk. paper)1. Polymerization. 2. Polymers. I. Title.TP156.P6E24 1996668.9--dc2095-32995CIPThis book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material isquoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable effortshave been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assumeresponsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use.Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic ormechanical, including photocopying, microﬁlming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrievalsystem, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creatingnew works, or for resale. Speciﬁc permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for suchcopying.Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton, Florida 33431.Trademark Notice:Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are usedonly for identiﬁcation and explanation, without intent to infringe.© 2000 by CRC Press LLCNo claim to original U.S. Government worksInternational Standard Book Number 0-0849-8939-9Library of Congress Card Number 95-32995Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0Printed on acid-free paperCopyright 2000 by CRC Press LLCPREFACEThe book is divided into three parts. The ﬁrst part covers polymer fundamentals. This includes a briefdiscussion of the historical development of polymers, basic deﬁnitions and concepts, and an overviewof the basis for the various classiﬁcations of polymers. It also examines the requirements for polymerformation from monomers and discusses polymer structure at three levels: primary, secondary, andtertiary. The relationship between the structure of the monomers and properties of the resulting polymeris highlighted. This section continues with a discussion of polymer modiﬁcation techniques. Throughoutthe discussion, emphasis is on the structure-property relationship and several examples are used toillustrate this concept.The second part deals with how polymers are prepared from monomers and the transformation ofpolymers into useful everyday articles. It starts with a discussion of the various polymer preparationmethods with emphasis on reaction mechanisms and kinetics. The control of molecular weight throughappropriate manipulation of the stoichiometry of reactants and reaction conditions is consistently empha-sized. This section continues with a discussion of polymer reaction engineering. Emphasis is on theselection of the appropriate polymerization process and reactor to obtain optimal polymer properties.The section terminates with a discussion of polymer additives and reinforcements and the various unitoperations in polymer processing. Here again, the primary focus is on how processing conditions affectthe properties of the part produced.The third part of the book deals with the properties and applications of polymers. It starts with adiscussion of polymer solution properties through the mechanical properties of polymers and concludeswith an overview of the various applications of polymer materials solids. The viscoelastic nature ofpolymers is also treated. This section also includes a discussion of polymer fracture. The effects ofvarious molecular and environmental factors on mechanical properties are examined.The primary focus of the book is the ultimate property of the ﬁnished polymer product. Consequently,the emphasis throughout the book is on how various stages involved in the production of the ﬁnishedproduct inﬂuence its properties. For example, which polymerization process will be preferable for agiven monomer? Having decided on the polymerization process, which type of reactor will give optimumproduct properties? What is the best type of processing technique for a given polymer material? Howdo processing conditions affect the properties of the part produced and which polymer material is mostsuitable for a particular application? The book addresses the elements that must be considered to comeup with appropriate answers to these types of questions. The distinguishing features of the book areintended to address certain problems associated with teaching an elementary course in polymers:1. For a vast majority of introductory polymer courses, very frequently the instructor has to rely on severaltextbooks to cover the basics of polymers as none of the existing textbooks discusses the requiredmaterials satisfactorily. Most students ﬁnd dealing with several textbooks in an introductory courseproblematic. This book attempts to remedy this problem. A deliberate effort has been made to covermost of the areas normally taught in such an introductory course. Indeed, these areas are typical ofexisting texts. However, the approach and depth of coverage are different. The book presents variousaspects of polymer science and technology in a readily understandable way. Emphasis is on a basic,qualitative understanding of the concepts rather than rote memorization or detailed mathematicalanalysis. Description of experimental procedures employed in the characterization of polymers hasbeen either completely left out or minimized. I strongly believe that this approach will appeal to thosestudents who will be learning polymer science for the ﬁrst time.2. None of the existing texts has worked examples. It is my experience that students feel more comfortablewith and generally prefer textbooks that illustrate principles being discussed with examples. I havefollowed this approach throughout the text. In addition, each chapter has review problems; answers areprovided in a Solutions Manual. Both the worked examples and the review problems are designed toprovide additional insight to the materials covered. The overall objective of this approach is to enhancethe reader’s understanding of the material and build his/her conﬁdence. Emphasis throughout the bookis on structure-property relationship and both the worked examples and review problems reﬂect thisbasic objective.Robert O. EbeweleCopyright 2000 by CRC Press LLCACKNOWLEDGMENTIn writing this book, I have had to rely on materials from various sources. These sources have beencompiled as references at the end of each chapter. While I express my profound gratitude to publishersfor permission to use their materials, I apologize for ideas and materials which I have inadvertentlyfailed to acknowledge. I certainly do not lay claim to these published concepts and ideas.The skeletal framework for this book was initiated during my student days at the University ofWisconsin, Madison and over the years, the material in the book has been constantly reﬁned as it wasbeing developed for use by successive generations of undergraduate and graduate students at the AhmaduBello University, Zaria, Nigeria. The ﬁnal version of the book was written during my sabbatical leaveat the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, and subsequently duringmy leave of absence at the Forest Products Laboratory Madison, Wisconsin. I am grateful to the AhmaduBello University, Zaria, the University of Wisconsin, Madison and the Forest Products Laboratory,Madison for providing me unlimited access to their library materials and other facilities. Finally, I amindebted to the late Prof. J. A. Koutsky of the University of Wisconsin, Madison; Dr. George E. Myersand Mr. Bryan H. River, formerly of the Forest Products Laboratory, Madison; and a host of others forreviewing various parts of this book. Your contributions have greatly improved the quality of the book.I, however, take full responsibility for any lapses and errors that may be contained in the book.Copyright 2000 by CRC Press LLC [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]

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